Filing Early in Lieu of Making Last Payment

There is a special rule in the tax law that excuses you from filing fourth quarter estimated taxes if you file your annual tax return (Form 1040, etc.), and pay any tax due by January 31.

Example Stella, a self-employed individual with no tax withheld, does not make an estimated tax payment for the fourth quarter of 2014, but files a Form 1040 and pays the tax due as shown on the return on January 21, 2015. Although she did not make a fourth quarter payment of tax, she is excused from making the fourth quarter payment because she filed her return on or before January 31, 2015, and paid the full estimated tax amount due. Otherwise, she would have had to make a fourth quarter estimated tax payment by January 15, 2015.

You may be asking: "Why file early?" Some of the advantages of filing your annual return by January 31 include:

• a 16-day (from January 15 to January 31) interest-free loan from the IRS
• one less payment that can be potentially lost in the mail--of course, it remains good practice to send estimated payments or final returns via certified mail, in case the mail is not received by the IRS

However, there are pitfalls to filing early:

• It's difficult to be accurate on your final tax return when you might not have received all the Form 1099 information returns and other information you need to fill in the forms.
• If you have computed your estimated tax payments based on a figure of less than 100 percent of the final tax amount shown on the tax return (i.e., the lesser of 90 percent of the final amount shown on the return or 100 percent of the tax shown on the preceding year's return) you will have to come up with the balance by February 2, rather than having the luxury of waiting until April 15.

Of course, even if you think it's a good idea, filing early isn't always possible due to factors beyond your control. You may not have received documents that must be attached to your final tax return (Form W-2 for example). Or, if you are a partner or S corporation shareholder, you may not have received Schedule K-1s, containing important tax information needed to complete your annual return. Finally, as a self-employed individual, you simply may not have had sufficient time to compile the tax information needed to complete your Schedule C, which must be included with your annual return when you file.

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